Tuesday, May 28, 2013
Friday, May 24, 2013
Unix VI Editor commands
START VI EDITTOR
----------------
vi filename edit filename starting at line 1
vi -r filename recover filename that was being edited when system crashed
EXIT VI
--------
:x<Return> quit vi, writing out modified file to file named in original invocation
:wq<Return> quit vi, writing out modified file to file named in original invocation
:q<Return> quit (or exit) vi
:q!<Return> quit vi even though latest changes have not been saved for this vi call
MOVING THE CURSOR:
-----------------
j or <Return>
[or down-arrow] move cursor down one line
k [or up-arrow] move cursor up one line
h or <Backspace>
[or left-arrow] move cursor left one character
l or <Space>
[or right-arrow] move cursor right one character
0 (zero) move cursor to start of current line (the one with the cursor)
$ move cursor to end of current line
w move cursor to beginning of next word
b move cursor back to beginning of preceding word
:0<Return> or 1G move cursor to first line in file
:n<Return> or nG move cursor to line n
:$<Return> or G move cursor to last line in file
SCREEN MANIPULATION:
-------------------
^f move forward one screen
^b move backward one screen
^d move down (forward) one half screen
^u move up (back) one half screen
^l redraws the screen
^r redraws the screen, removing deleted lines
UNDO:
-----
u UNDO WHATEVER YOU JUST DIDA
INSERTING OR ADDING TEXT:
------------------------
i insert text before cursor, until <Esc> hit
I insert text at beginning of current line, until <Esc> hit
a append text after cursor, until <Esc> hit
A append text to end of current line, until <Esc> hit
o open and put text in a new line below current line, until <Esc> hit
O open and put text in a new line above current line, until <Esc> hit
CHANGING TEXT:
--------------
r replace single character under cursor (no <Esc> needed)
R replace characters, starting with current cursor position, until <Esc> hit
cw change the current word with new text,
starting with the character under cursor, until <Esc> hit
cNw change N words beginning with character under cursor, until <Esc> hit;
e.g., c5w changes 5 words
C change (replace) the characters in the current line, until <Esc> hit
cc change (replace) the entire current line, stopping when <Esc> is hit
Ncc or cNc change (replace) the next N lines, starting with the current line,
stopping when <Esc> is hit
DELETING TEXT:
--------------
x delete single character under cursor
Nx delete N characters, starting with character under cursor
dw delete the single word beginning with character under cursor
dNw delete N words beginning with character under cursor;
e.g., d5w deletes 5 words
D delete the remainder of the line, starting with current cursor position
dd delete entire current line
Ndd or dNd delete N lines, beginning with the current line;
e.g., 5dd deletes 5 lines
CUT & PASTE:
-----------
yy copy (yank, cut) the current line into the buffer
Nyy or yNy copy (yank, cut) the next N lines, including the current line, into the buffer
p put (paste) the line(s) in the buffer into the text after the current line
SEARCHING STRING:
-----------------
/string search forward for occurrence of string in text
?string search backward for occurrence of string in text
n move to next occurrence of search string
N move to next occurrence of search string in opposite direction
DELETING LINE NUMBERS:
----------------------
:.= returns line number of current line at bottom of screen
:= returns the total number of lines at bottom of screen
^g provides the current line number, along with the total number of lines,
in the file at the bottom of the screen
SAVING & READING FILES:
-----------------------
:r filename<Return> read file named filename and insert after current line
(the line with cursor)
:w<Return> write current contents to file named in original vi call
:w newfile<Return> write current contents to a new file named newfile
:12,35w smallfile<Return> write the contents of the lines numbered 12 through 35 to a new file named smallfile
:w! prevfile<Return> write current contents over a pre-existing file named prevfile
MOVING THE CURSOR:
-----------------
h left one space
l right one space
j down one space
k up one space
----------------
vi filename edit filename starting at line 1
vi -r filename recover filename that was being edited when system crashed
EXIT VI
--------
:x<Return> quit vi, writing out modified file to file named in original invocation
:wq<Return> quit vi, writing out modified file to file named in original invocation
:q<Return> quit (or exit) vi
:q!<Return> quit vi even though latest changes have not been saved for this vi call
MOVING THE CURSOR:
-----------------
j or <Return>
[or down-arrow] move cursor down one line
k [or up-arrow] move cursor up one line
h or <Backspace>
[or left-arrow] move cursor left one character
l or <Space>
[or right-arrow] move cursor right one character
0 (zero) move cursor to start of current line (the one with the cursor)
$ move cursor to end of current line
w move cursor to beginning of next word
b move cursor back to beginning of preceding word
:0<Return> or 1G move cursor to first line in file
:n<Return> or nG move cursor to line n
:$<Return> or G move cursor to last line in file
SCREEN MANIPULATION:
-------------------
^f move forward one screen
^b move backward one screen
^d move down (forward) one half screen
^u move up (back) one half screen
^l redraws the screen
^r redraws the screen, removing deleted lines
UNDO:
-----
u UNDO WHATEVER YOU JUST DIDA
INSERTING OR ADDING TEXT:
------------------------
i insert text before cursor, until <Esc> hit
I insert text at beginning of current line, until <Esc> hit
a append text after cursor, until <Esc> hit
A append text to end of current line, until <Esc> hit
o open and put text in a new line below current line, until <Esc> hit
O open and put text in a new line above current line, until <Esc> hit
CHANGING TEXT:
--------------
r replace single character under cursor (no <Esc> needed)
R replace characters, starting with current cursor position, until <Esc> hit
cw change the current word with new text,
starting with the character under cursor, until <Esc> hit
cNw change N words beginning with character under cursor, until <Esc> hit;
e.g., c5w changes 5 words
C change (replace) the characters in the current line, until <Esc> hit
cc change (replace) the entire current line, stopping when <Esc> is hit
Ncc or cNc change (replace) the next N lines, starting with the current line,
stopping when <Esc> is hit
DELETING TEXT:
--------------
x delete single character under cursor
Nx delete N characters, starting with character under cursor
dw delete the single word beginning with character under cursor
dNw delete N words beginning with character under cursor;
e.g., d5w deletes 5 words
D delete the remainder of the line, starting with current cursor position
dd delete entire current line
Ndd or dNd delete N lines, beginning with the current line;
e.g., 5dd deletes 5 lines
CUT & PASTE:
-----------
yy copy (yank, cut) the current line into the buffer
Nyy or yNy copy (yank, cut) the next N lines, including the current line, into the buffer
p put (paste) the line(s) in the buffer into the text after the current line
SEARCHING STRING:
-----------------
/string search forward for occurrence of string in text
?string search backward for occurrence of string in text
n move to next occurrence of search string
N move to next occurrence of search string in opposite direction
DELETING LINE NUMBERS:
----------------------
:.= returns line number of current line at bottom of screen
:= returns the total number of lines at bottom of screen
^g provides the current line number, along with the total number of lines,
in the file at the bottom of the screen
SAVING & READING FILES:
-----------------------
:r filename<Return> read file named filename and insert after current line
(the line with cursor)
:w<Return> write current contents to file named in original vi call
:w newfile<Return> write current contents to a new file named newfile
:12,35w smallfile<Return> write the contents of the lines numbered 12 through 35 to a new file named smallfile
:w! prevfile<Return> write current contents over a pre-existing file named prevfile
MOVING THE CURSOR:
-----------------
h left one space
l right one space
j down one space
k up one space
UNIX CRONTAB Commands
CRONTAB COMMANDS:
-----------------
crontab -l #Lists the contents of your current crontab file
crontab -e #Edits your current crontab file (when the file saved, the cron daemon is automatically refreshed.)
crontab -r #Removes your crontab file from the crontab directory
crontab -v #check crontab submission time
crontab mycronfile #submit your crontab file to /var/spool/cron/crontabs directory
crontab file format:
minute hour day_of_month month weekday command
0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6 Sun-Sat shell command
* * * * * /bin/script.sh #schedule a job to run every minute
0 1 15 * * /fullbackup #1 am on the 15th of every month
0 0 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/backup #start the backup command at midnight, Mo - Fr
0,15,30,45 6-17 * * 1-5 /home/script1 #execute script1 every 15 minutes between 6AM and 5PM, Mo - Fr
-----------------
crontab -l #Lists the contents of your current crontab file
crontab -e #Edits your current crontab file (when the file saved, the cron daemon is automatically refreshed.)
crontab -r #Removes your crontab file from the crontab directory
crontab -v #check crontab submission time
crontab mycronfile #submit your crontab file to /var/spool/cron/crontabs directory
crontab file format:
minute hour day_of_month month weekday command
0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6 Sun-Sat shell command
* * * * * /bin/script.sh #schedule a job to run every minute
0 1 15 * * /fullbackup #1 am on the 15th of every month
0 0 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/backup #start the backup command at midnight, Mo - Fr
0,15,30,45 6-17 * * 1-5 /home/script1 #execute script1 every 15 minutes between 6AM and 5PM, Mo - Fr
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